cityscape after earthquake

Cum se masoara cutremurele

Cutremurul se manifesta printr-o energia eliberata din focar care produce efecte. Astfel putem identifica doua modalități de măsurare a unui cutremur:

1. Prin cuantificarea energiei eliberate din focar sub forma unui număr pe o scara logaritmica, metoda denumita magnitudine și

2. Prin efectele produse, cuantificate pentru fiecare localitate sub forma unui număr roman de la I la XII, numita intensitate.

Magnitudinea:

Magnitudinea a fost inventata pentru prima data de cercetătorii Gutenberg si Richter care au pus la punct un model matematic de corelare a amplitudinii undelor seismice, măsurate de seismografe, cu o scara logaritmica. Initial, metoda a fost calibrata pentru cutremurele din California, fiind ulterior modificata pentru a putea fi adaptata la orice zona de pe glob. Magnitudinea de tip Richter nu poate fi utilizata cu precizie pentru cutremure foarte puternice, motiv pentru care, ulterior, a fost introdusa Magnitudinea moment, Mw, care măsoară momentul unui cutremur.

Momentul este produsul dintre distanta și forța. Forta este este produsul dintre masa si accelerație. Distanta este reprezentata de distanta pe care s-a mișcat falia iar forța este forța necesara pentru a mișca falia.

Conform magnitudinii putem clasifica cutremurele după cum urmează:

tabel_intensitate_mercalli2

*Sursa: USGS

Lista cutremurelor cu magnitudine peste 8 o gasiti aici.

Intensitatea:

Intensitatea a fost prima modalitate masurare a cutremurelor prin analiza efectului acestora si a modului cum au fost percepute de populatie. Prima scara de acest fel a fost inventata de profesorul Mercalli in 1902, fiind calibrata pentru Italia. Ulterior a aparut scara Mercalli modificata, prin care s-a corelat prima scara cu diverse zone de pe glob. O asocierea intre magnitudine si intensitate este prezentata mai jos.

Ultimele cutremure cu magintudinea Mw>5, preluare din USGS:

  • Magnitude: 5, Place: 136 km NW of San José de Jáchal, Argentina, Time: Mar 16, 2025 21:50:23, Location: 136 km NW of San José de Jáchal, Argentina, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5.5, Place: 45 km N of Āwash, Ethiopia, Time: Mar 16, 2025 18:53:09, Location: 45 km N of Āwash, Ethiopia, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5, Place: 47 km ENE of La Tirana, Chile, Time: Mar 16, 2025 01:27:09, Location: 47 km ENE of La Tirana, Chile, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5.1, Place: 55 km NNW of Finschhafen, Papua New Guinea, Time: Mar 15, 2025 16:28:36, Location: 55 km NNW of Finschhafen, Papua New Guinea, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5.6, Place: 5 km ESE of San Miguel Achiutla, Mexico, Time: Mar 15, 2025 03:19:27, Location: 5 km ESE of San Miguel Achiutla, Mexico, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 6, Place: South Sandwich Islands region, Time: Mar 14, 2025 23:42:35, Location: South Sandwich Islands region, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5, Place: 15 km NNE of Lesina, Italy, Time: Mar 14, 2025 19:37:15, Location: 15 km NNE of Lesina, Italy, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5.4, Place: 229 km N of Palu, Indonesia, Time: Mar 14, 2025 11:13:32, Location: 229 km N of Palu, Indonesia, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5.1, Place: 89 km NNE of Ambler, Alaska, Time: Mar 13, 2025 22:04:45, Location: 89 km NNE of Ambler, Alaska, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5.1, Place: 51 km SSW of Padam, India, Time: Mar 13, 2025 21:20:11, Location: 51 km SSW of Padam, India, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5, Place: 138 km NE of Lospalos, Timor Leste, Time: Mar 13, 2025 15:45:41, Location: 138 km NE of Lospalos, Timor Leste, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5.2, Place: 96 km S of Hualien City, Taiwan, Time: Mar 13, 2025 05:09:40, Location: 96 km S of Hualien City, Taiwan, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5, Place: 56 km WSW of Point Hope, Alaska, Time: Mar 12, 2025 17:29:50, Location: 56 km WSW of Point Hope, Alaska, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5.7, Place: 130 km E of Barcelona, Philippines, Time: Mar 12, 2025 15:09:44, Location: 130 km E of Barcelona, Philippines, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5.9, Place: Nicobar Islands, India region, Time: Mar 12, 2025 05:42:09, Location: Nicobar Islands, India region, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5.6, Place: 118 km WNW of Iñapari, Peru, Time: Mar 11, 2025 14:08:08, Location: 118 km WNW of Iñapari, Peru, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5.4, Place: Western Caribbean Sea, Time: Mar 11, 2025 08:32:13, Location: Western Caribbean Sea, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5.3, Place: 26 km SE of Povoação, Portugal, Time: Mar 11, 2025 08:14:36, Location: 26 km SE of Povoação, Portugal, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5.3, Place: 78 km ENE of Tatsugō, Japan, Time: Mar 11, 2025 02:10:45, Location: 78 km ENE of Tatsugō, Japan, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5, Place: Ascension Island region, Time: Mar 10, 2025 22:15:19, Location: Ascension Island region, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 6.5, Place: 36 km NNE of Olonkinbyen, Svalbard and Jan Mayen, Time: Mar 10, 2025 02:33:14, Location: 36 km NNE of Olonkinbyen, Svalbard and Jan Mayen, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5.2, Place: 58 km ENE of Tatsugō, Japan, Time: Mar 09, 2025 05:57:57, Location: 58 km ENE of Tatsugō, Japan, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5.1, Place: 56 km ENE of Tatsugō, Japan, Time: Mar 09, 2025 04:24:19, Location: 56 km ENE of Tatsugō, Japan, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5.7, Place: 74 km ENE of Tatsugō, Japan, Time: Mar 08, 2025 23:42:54, Location: 74 km ENE of Tatsugō, Japan, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5.7, Place: 63 km ENE of Tatsugō, Japan, Time: Mar 08, 2025 18:54:04, Location: 63 km ENE of Tatsugō, Japan, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5, Place: Banda Sea, Time: Mar 08, 2025 08:56:48, Location: Banda Sea, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5.1, Place: 98 km NE of Lobuche, Nepal, Time: Mar 08, 2025 08:50:18, Location: 98 km NE of Lobuche, Nepal, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5.2, Place: 46 km ENE of Noda, Japan, Time: Mar 08, 2025 07:12:16, Location: 46 km ENE of Noda, Japan, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5.3, Place: 44 km SE of Tena, Ecuador, Time: Mar 08, 2025 05:37:41, Location: 44 km SE of Tena, Ecuador, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5, Place: southeast Indian Ridge, Time: Mar 07, 2025 20:45:59, Location: southeast Indian Ridge, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5.4, Place: 69 km W of Banda Aceh, Indonesia, Time: Mar 07, 2025 12:42:49, Location: 69 km W of Banda Aceh, Indonesia, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5.4, Place: 6 km W of Cayarani, Peru, Time: Mar 07, 2025 12:17:51, Location: 6 km W of Cayarani, Peru, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5, Place: 80 km E of Masamba, Indonesia, Time: Mar 07, 2025 08:34:03, Location: 80 km E of Masamba, Indonesia, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 6.1, Place: 103 km WSW of San Pedro de Atacama, Chile, Time: Mar 06, 2025 16:21:37, Location: 103 km WSW of San Pedro de Atacama, Chile, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5, Place: Chagos Archipelago region, Time: Mar 06, 2025 00:16:30, Location: Chagos Archipelago region, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5.3, Place: west of the Galapagos Islands, Time: Mar 05, 2025 20:13:08, Location: west of the Galapagos Islands, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5, Place: 140 km NW of Sola, Vanuatu, Time: Mar 05, 2025 18:05:02, Location: 140 km NW of Sola, Vanuatu, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5.5, Place: 53 km SSE of San Mateo del Mar, Mexico, Time: Mar 05, 2025 09:43:15, Location: 53 km SSE of San Mateo del Mar, Mexico, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5.4, Place: 62 km E of Wāngjing, India, Time: Mar 05, 2025 05:36:35, Location: 62 km E of Wāngjing, India, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5.1, Place: 14 km N of Maubin, Myanmar, Time: Mar 04, 2025 22:06:43, Location: 14 km N of Maubin, Myanmar, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5.3, Place: 104 km ESE of Honiara, Solomon Islands, Time: Mar 04, 2025 07:07:43, Location: 104 km ESE of Honiara, Solomon Islands, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5, Place: 5 km SSW of Magsaysay, Philippines, Time: Mar 04, 2025 01:42:22, Location: 5 km SSW of Magsaysay, Philippines, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5.1, Place: 174 km ESE of Yigo Village, Guam, Time: Mar 03, 2025 15:40:36, Location: 174 km ESE of Yigo Village, Guam, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5.1, Place: 274 km SSE of Alo, Wallis and Futuna, Time: Mar 03, 2025 10:25:28, Location: 274 km SSE of Alo, Wallis and Futuna, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5, Place: southeast Indian Ridge, Time: Mar 03, 2025 06:50:48, Location: southeast Indian Ridge, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5.2, Place: 43 km ENE of Iranshahr, Iran, Time: Mar 03, 2025 06:25:31, Location: 43 km ENE of Iranshahr, Iran, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5.3, Place: 61 km ESE of Masohi, Indonesia, Time: Mar 02, 2025 18:42:10, Location: 61 km ESE of Masohi, Indonesia, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5.3, Place: Mid-Indian Ridge, Time: Mar 02, 2025 14:16:59, Location: Mid-Indian Ridge, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5.2, Place: 49 km E of Ādīgrat, Ethiopia, Time: Mar 02, 2025 08:14:58, Location: 49 km E of Ādīgrat, Ethiopia, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5, Place: 24 km S of Colonia Juárez, Mexico, Time: Mar 02, 2025 03:45:43, Location: 24 km S of Colonia Juárez, Mexico, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5, Place: south of the Fiji Islands, Time: Mar 01, 2025 23:52:24, Location: south of the Fiji Islands, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5.2, Place: Kermadec Islands, New Zealand, Time: Mar 01, 2025 23:42:30, Location: Kermadec Islands, New Zealand, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5.3, Place: 75 km E of Yigo Village, Guam, Time: Mar 01, 2025 20:02:13, Location: 75 km E of Yigo Village, Guam, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5, Place: 22 km NE of Taytayan, Philippines, Time: Mar 01, 2025 13:59:53, Location: 22 km NE of Taytayan, Philippines, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5, Place: 121 km WNW of Mosquera, Colombia, Time: Mar 01, 2025 09:38:49, Location: 121 km WNW of Mosquera, Colombia, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5.5, Place: 231 km W of Tual, Indonesia, Time: Feb 28, 2025 21:58:38, Location: 231 km W of Tual, Indonesia, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5, Place: 5 km N of Ciudad de Huitzuco, Mexico, Time: Feb 28, 2025 19:39:28, Location: 5 km N of Ciudad de Huitzuco, Mexico, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5, Place: 209 km NE of Tiksi, Russia, Time: Feb 28, 2025 16:11:33, Location: 209 km NE of Tiksi, Russia, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5, Place: 262 km S of ‘Ohonua, Tonga, Time: Feb 28, 2025 00:54:29, Location: 262 km S of ‘Ohonua, Tonga, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5, Place: 55 km NE of Adak, Alaska, Time: Feb 27, 2025 21:48:30, Location: 55 km NE of Adak, Alaska, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5.5, Place: 14 km S of Kodāri̇̄, Nepal, Time: Feb 27, 2025 21:06:10, Location: 14 km S of Kodāri̇̄, Nepal, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5, Place: south of Africa, Time: Feb 27, 2025 20:00:42, Location: south of Africa, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5.1, Place: 41 km ENE of Ruteng, Indonesia, Time: Feb 27, 2025 15:52:59, Location: 41 km ENE of Ruteng, Indonesia, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5.5, Place: east of the South Sandwich Islands, Time: Feb 27, 2025 14:54:37, Location: east of the South Sandwich Islands, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5.1, Place: southeast of Easter Island, Time: Feb 26, 2025 22:46:23, Location: southeast of Easter Island, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5.3, Place: 5 km N of Morigaon, India, Time: Feb 26, 2025 20:55:36, Location: 5 km N of Morigaon, India, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5.8, Place: 157 km ESE of Ust’-Kamchatsk Staryy, Russia, Time: Feb 26, 2025 16:15:30, Location: 157 km ESE of Ust’-Kamchatsk Staryy, Russia, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5.1, Place: 55 km ESE of Modisi, Indonesia, Time: Feb 26, 2025 13:15:04, Location: 55 km ESE of Modisi, Indonesia, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5, Place: 59 km E of Modisi, Indonesia, Time: Feb 26, 2025 08:56:51, Location: 59 km E of Modisi, Indonesia, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5.8, Place: 38 km ESE of Shingū, Japan, Time: Feb 26, 2025 05:53:24, Location: 38 km ESE of Shingū, Japan, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 6.1, Place: 46 km E of Modisi, Indonesia, Time: Feb 25, 2025 22:55:44, Location: 46 km E of Modisi, Indonesia, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5.1, Place: 209 km NW of Tobelo, Indonesia, Time: Feb 25, 2025 18:13:49, Location: 209 km NW of Tobelo, Indonesia, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5.2, Place: south of the Fiji Islands, Time: Feb 25, 2025 13:39:34, Location: south of the Fiji Islands, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5.85, Place: 102 km NNE of Punta Cana, Dominican Republic, Time: Feb 25, 2025 05:48:55, Location: 102 km NNE of Punta Cana, Dominican Republic, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5.2, Place: 210 km W of Port McNeill, Canada, Time: Feb 25, 2025 05:37:28, Location: 210 km W of Port McNeill, Canada, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5.1, Place: 224 km ESE of Parādīp Garh, India, Time: Feb 25, 2025 00:40:20, Location: 224 km ESE of Parādīp Garh, India, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5.4, Place: 237 km SW of George Town, Cayman Islands, Time: Feb 24, 2025 20:08:37, Location: 237 km SW of George Town, Cayman Islands, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5.1, Place: Off the coast of Aisen, Chile, Time: Feb 24, 2025 12:26:00, Location: Off the coast of Aisen, Chile, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5.2, Place: Easter Island region, Time: Feb 24, 2025 01:14:49, Location: Easter Island region, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5.3, Place: 59 km NNE of Āwash, Ethiopia, Time: Feb 23, 2025 23:44:50, Location: 59 km NNE of Āwash, Ethiopia, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5.2, Place: 110 km W of Panguna, Papua New Guinea, Time: Feb 23, 2025 22:50:10, Location: 110 km W of Panguna, Papua New Guinea, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5, Place: 28 km NNE of Waingapu, Indonesia, Time: Feb 23, 2025 19:21:16, Location: 28 km NNE of Waingapu, Indonesia, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 6, Place: 86 km SE of Lata, Solomon Islands, Time: Feb 23, 2025 18:16:17, Location: 86 km SE of Lata, Solomon Islands, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5, Place: 295 km SSW of Pagar Alam, Indonesia, Time: Feb 23, 2025 05:16:22, Location: 295 km SSW of Pagar Alam, Indonesia, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5.1, Place: 297 km SSW of Pagar Alam, Indonesia, Time: Feb 23, 2025 04:27:13, Location: 297 km SSW of Pagar Alam, Indonesia, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5.3, Place: 125 km NW of Gizo, Solomon Islands, Time: Feb 23, 2025 04:17:38, Location: 125 km NW of Gizo, Solomon Islands, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5.1, Place: 121 km SSE of Panguna, Papua New Guinea, Time: Feb 23, 2025 01:46:26, Location: 121 km SSE of Panguna, Papua New Guinea, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5.6, Place: 130 km NW of Gizo, Solomon Islands, Time: Feb 23, 2025 01:31:53, Location: 130 km NW of Gizo, Solomon Islands, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5.3, Place: 296 km SSW of ‘Ohonua, Tonga, Time: Feb 22, 2025 22:49:31, Location: 296 km SSW of ‘Ohonua, Tonga, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5.3, Place: 118 km NW of Gizo, Solomon Islands, Time: Feb 22, 2025 22:21:00, Location: 118 km NW of Gizo, Solomon Islands, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5.4, Place: Off the coast of Aisen, Chile, Time: Feb 22, 2025 22:20:25, Location: Off the coast of Aisen, Chile, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5.1, Place: 115 km S of Akureyri, Iceland, Time: Feb 22, 2025 21:04:46, Location: 115 km S of Akureyri, Iceland, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5.2, Place: 117 km S of Hakha, Myanmar, Time: Feb 22, 2025 10:33:30, Location: 117 km S of Hakha, Myanmar, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5.1, Place: 35 km W of Isangel, Vanuatu, Time: Feb 21, 2025 07:20:55, Location: 35 km W of Isangel, Vanuatu, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5.2, Place: South Sandwich Islands region, Time: Feb 20, 2025 12:39:17, Location: South Sandwich Islands region, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5.4, Place: West Chile Rise, Time: Feb 20, 2025 11:30:53, Location: West Chile Rise, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5.5, Place: 68 km NNW of Hihifo, Tonga, Time: Feb 20, 2025 10:31:20, Location: 68 km NNW of Hihifo, Tonga, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5, Place: south of the Kermadec Islands, Time: Feb 20, 2025 04:36:49, Location: south of the Kermadec Islands, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5, Place: Mid-Indian Ridge, Time: Feb 20, 2025 03:21:30, Location: Mid-Indian Ridge, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5.3, Place: 88 km SW of Banda Aceh, Indonesia, Time: Feb 20, 2025 03:19:41, Location: 88 km SW of Banda Aceh, Indonesia, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5.1, Place: 145 km WSW of Fakfak, Indonesia, Time: Feb 19, 2025 04:38:05, Location: 145 km WSW of Fakfak, Indonesia, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5.6, Place: 290 km NE of Samarai, Papua New Guinea, Time: Feb 19, 2025 02:49:44, Location: 290 km NE of Samarai, Papua New Guinea, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5.7, Place: 148 km WSW of Fakfak, Indonesia, Time: Feb 18, 2025 23:39:10, Location: 148 km WSW of Fakfak, Indonesia, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5.7, Place: 94 km W of Diego de Almagro, Chile, Time: Feb 18, 2025 17:18:48, Location: 94 km W of Diego de Almagro, Chile, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5, Place: 9 km NW of Mariposa, Peru, Time: Feb 18, 2025 17:00:49, Location: 9 km NW of Mariposa, Peru, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5.1, Place: 29 km NE of Oía, Greece, Time: Feb 18, 2025 06:08:09, Location: 29 km NE of Oía, Greece, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5, Place: 93 km E of ‘Ohonua, Tonga, Time: Feb 18, 2025 05:58:29, Location: 93 km E of ‘Ohonua, Tonga, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5, Place: 20 km SSW of Amorgós, Greece, Time: Feb 18, 2025 04:46:52, Location: 20 km SSW of Amorgós, Greece, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5, Place: 27 km ESE of Íos, Greece, Time: Feb 17, 2025 07:49:50, Location: 27 km ESE of Íos, Greece, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5.5, Place: 66 km S of San Juan, Peru, Time: Feb 17, 2025 04:30:56, Location: 66 km S of San Juan, Peru, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5.1, Place: 51 km N of Shahrak-e Kūlūrī, Iran, Time: Feb 16, 2025 18:55:37, Location: 51 km N of Shahrak-e Kūlūrī, Iran, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5, Place: southeast of the Loyalty Islands, Time: Feb 16, 2025 08:36:23, Location: southeast of the Loyalty Islands, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5.2, Place: east of the Kuril Islands, Time: Feb 16, 2025 07:43:36, Location: east of the Kuril Islands, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5, Place: 59 km WNW of Carahue, Chile, Time: Feb 16, 2025 07:08:42, Location: 59 km WNW of Carahue, Chile, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5, Place: 53 km NW of Toyah, Texas, Time: Feb 15, 2025 05:23:21, Location: 53 km NW of Toyah, Texas, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5.7, Place: 31 km W of Kosh-Agach, Russia, Time: Feb 15, 2025 01:48:11, Location: 31 km W of Kosh-Agach, Russia, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5.3, Place: 19 km NE of Llorente, Philippines, Time: Feb 15, 2025 01:18:52, Location: 19 km NE of Llorente, Philippines, USGS Event Page
  • Magnitude: 5, Place: 32 km WSW of Mabiton, Philippines, Time: Feb 15, 2025 00:29:02, Location: 32 km WSW of Mabiton, Philippines, USGS Event Page

Astept intrebarile!

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